Shoe

//ˈʃuː//

Synonyms for "shoe" (38 found)

Ranked by relevance and common usage.

Related word relations

OpenGloss and ConceptNet supply richer edges like generalizations, collocations, and derivations.

21 relation types

More general

21 entries

Showing 16 of 21 words.

More specific

41 entries

Showing 16 of 41 words.

Antonyms

5 entries

Synonyms

2 entries

Related terms

4 entries

at location

11 entries

capable of

2 entries

coordinate

13 entries

derived

181 entries

Showing 16 of 181 words.

distinct from

1 entries

etymologically related_to

1 entries

has a

1 entries

has context

2 entries

is a

7 entries

located near

1 entries

manner of

1 entries

meronym

32 entries

Showing 16 of 32 words.

part of

2 entries

receives action

2 entries

related to

131 entries

Showing 16 of 131 words.

used for

27 entries

Showing 16 of 27 words.

Translations

390 translations across 217 languages.

Powered by Wiktionary

Abkhaz

1 entries
  • ашьапымаҭәата noun (protective covering for the foot)

Adyghe

1 entries
  • цуакъэ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Afrikaans

2 entries
  • skoen noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • skoen noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))

Ainu

2 entries
  • ケイㇾ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ケㇾ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Akan

1 entries
  • asepatere noun (protective covering for the foot)

Albanian

1 entries
  • këpucë noun (protective covering for the foot)

Amharic

1 entries
  • ጫማ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ancient Greek

2 entries
  • ἀρβύλη noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ὑπόδημα noun (protective covering for the foot)

Arabic

4 entries
  • جزمة noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • جزمة noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • جَزْمَة noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • جُوتِي noun (protective covering for the foot)

Aramaic

1 entries
  • ܡܣܐܢܐ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Armenian

1 entries
  • կոշիկ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Aromanian

1 entries
  • cundúrã noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ashkun

1 entries
  • vaćá noun (protective covering for the foot)

Assamese

1 entries
  • জোতা noun (protective covering for the foot)

Asturian

2 entries
  • zapatu noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ferrar verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Azerbaijani

4 entries
  • ayaqqabı noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • başmaq noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • botinka noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • tufli noun (protective covering for the foot)

Bangi

1 entries
  • ekoto noun (protective covering for the foot)

Bashkir

1 entries
  • аяҡ кейеме noun (protective covering for the foot)

Basque

2 entries
  • oinetako noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • zapata noun (protective covering for the foot)

Belarusian

1 entries
  • чараві́к noun (protective covering for the foot)

Bengali

1 entries
  • জুতা noun (protective covering for the foot)

Breton

1 entries
  • botez noun (protective covering for the foot)

Brunei Malay

1 entries
  • kasut noun (protective covering for the foot)

Bulgarian

3 entries
  • обу́вка noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • обувам verb (To put shoes on one's feet)
  • подковавам verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Burmese

3 entries
  • ခြေနင်း noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ဖိနပ် noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ရှူးဖိနပ် noun (protective covering for the foot)

Catalan

4 entries
  • calçat noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sabata noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • calçar verb (To put shoes on one's feet)
  • ferrar verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Cebuano

1 entries
  • sapatos noun (protective covering for the foot)

Central Kurdish

1 entries
  • پێڵاو noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chadian Arabic

1 entries
  • نعال noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chakma

1 entries
  • 𑄎𑄧𑄘 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chechen

1 entries
  • мача noun (protective covering for the foot)

Cherokee

1 entries
  • ᎠᎳᏑᎶ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chichewa

1 entries
  • nsapato noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chinese

4 entries
  • хэ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • хэҗүә noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • 鞋仔 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chinese Cantonese

2 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • 鞋仔 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Chinese Mandarin

2 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • 鞋子 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Church Slavic

2 entries
  • сапогъ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • чрѣвии noun (protective covering for the foot)

Crimean Tatar

1 entries
  • ayaqap noun (protective covering for the foot)

Czech

3 entries
  • bota noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • okovat verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)
  • podkovat verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Danish

4 entries
  • sko noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sko noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • beslå verb (to equip with protection)
  • sko verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Dari

1 entries
  • کَفْش noun (protective covering for the foot)

Dutch

3 entries
  • schoen noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • schoen noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • beslaan verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Early Assamese

1 entries
  • পানৈ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Eastern Min Chinese

1 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)

Esperanto

2 entries
  • ŝuo noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ŝui verb (To put shoes on one's feet)

Estonian

2 entries
  • king noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • rautama verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Evenki

1 entries
  • унта noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ewe

1 entries
  • afɔkpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Faroese

2 entries
  • skógvar noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • skógvur noun (protective covering for the foot)

Finnish

4 entries
  • kenkä noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kenkä noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • kengittää verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)
  • kengittää verb (to equip with protection)

French

4 entries
  • chaussure noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • soulier noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • chausser verb (To put shoes on one's feet)
  • chausser verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Friulian

1 entries
  • scarpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Galician

4 entries
  • abarca noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • galorcho noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • zapato noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ferrar verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Gan Chinese

1 entries
  • 鞋子 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Georgian

1 entries
  • ფეხსაცმელი noun (protective covering for the foot)

German

4 entries
  • Lackschuh noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • Schuh noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • Schuh noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • beschlagen verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Gothic

1 entries
  • 𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌷𐍃 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Greek

4 entries
  • πέδιλο noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • παπούτσι noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • υπόδημα noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • πεταλώνω verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Gujarati

1 entries
  • જૂતા noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hakka Chinese

1 entries
  • 鞋仔 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hausa

1 entries
  • takalmi noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hawaiian

1 entries
  • kāmaʻa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hebrew

1 entries
  • נַעַל noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hiligaynon

1 entries
  • sapatos noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hindi

1 entries
  • जूता noun (protective covering for the foot)

Hungarian

3 entries
  • cipő noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • megvasal verb (to equip with protection)
  • patkol verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Icelandic

2 entries
  • skór noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • járna verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Ido

2 entries
  • boteto noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • shuo noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ilocano

1 entries
  • sapatos noun (protective covering for the foot)

Indonesian

1 entries
  • sepatu noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ingrian

3 entries
  • kenkä noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • popo noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ravvoittaa verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Interlingua

1 entries
  • scarpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Iranian Persian

1 entries
  • کَفْش noun (protective covering for the foot)

Iraqi Arabic

1 entries
  • قندرا noun (protective covering for the foot)

Irish

1 entries
  • bróg noun (protective covering for the foot)

Isoko

2 entries
  • eviẹ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ịsabatụ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Italian

4 entries
  • calzatura noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • scarpa noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • calzare verb (To put shoes on one's feet)
  • ferrare verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Japanese

3 entries
  • シューズ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • 石突き noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)

Jin Chinese

1 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kabardian

1 entries
  • вакъэ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kabuverdianu

1 entries
  • kalsa verb (To put shoes on one's feet)

Kalenjin

1 entries
  • kweok noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kamkata-vari

1 entries
  • vaćó noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kannada

1 entries
  • ಕೆರ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Karok

1 entries
  • yukúkuh noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kazakh

4 entries
  • аяқ киім noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • бәтеңке noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • кебіс noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • туфли noun (protective covering for the foot)

Khmer

1 entries
  • ស្បែកជើង noun (protective covering for the foot)

Khoekhoe

1 entries
  • ǁharodi noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kikuyu

1 entries
  • kiratu noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kinaray-a

1 entries
  • sapatos noun (protective covering for the foot)

Korean

2 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • 신발 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Kyrgyz

4 entries
  • батинке noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ботинки noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • бут кийим noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • туфли noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ladino

4 entries
  • chapines (Izmir) noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kalsado noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kundurya (Salonik) noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sapato noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lakota

1 entries
  • háŋpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lao

2 entries
  • ປາທຸກາ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ເກີບ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Latin

2 entries
  • calceus noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sotular noun (protective covering for the foot)

Latvian

2 entries
  • kurpe noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kurpes noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lingala

1 entries
  • ekoto noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lithuanian

2 entries
  • kurpė noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kaustyti verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Livonian

1 entries
  • kǟnga noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lombard

1 entries
  • scarp noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lower Sorbian

1 entries
  • crjej noun (protective covering for the foot)

Luganda

1 entries
  • engatto noun (protective covering for the foot)

Luhya

1 entries
  • siraro noun (protective covering for the foot)

Lutuv

1 entries
  • phyipakaw noun (protective covering for the foot)

Luxembourgish

1 entries
  • Schong noun (protective covering for the foot)

Macedonian

4 entries
  • кондура noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • кондури noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • обувка noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • папуча noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))

Maguindanao

1 entries
  • talumpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Malagasy

1 entries
  • kiraru noun (protective covering for the foot)

Malay

2 entries
  • kasut noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sepatu noun (protective covering for the foot)

Malayalam

1 entries
  • ചെരുപ്പ് noun (protective covering for the foot)

Maltese

2 entries
  • pedala noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • żarbuna noun (protective covering for the foot)

Manchu

1 entries
  • ᠰᠠᠪᡠ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Manx

1 entries
  • braag noun (protective covering for the foot)

Maranao

1 entries
  • talompa' noun (protective covering for the foot)

Marathi

1 entries
  • बूट noun (protective covering for the foot)

Meru

2 entries
  • kiratu noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kiratu noun (protective covering for the foot)

Mirandese

1 entries
  • çapato noun (protective covering for the foot)

Mongolian

3 entries
  • ботинк noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • гутал noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • шаахай noun (protective covering for the foot)

Māori

2 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • haeana verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Nahuatl

1 entries
  • cactli noun (protective covering for the foot)

Nanai

1 entries
  • ота noun (protective covering for the foot)

Navajo

1 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)

Nepali

1 entries
  • जूता noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ngazidja Comorian

2 entries
  • koshi noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • nkabwa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Norman

1 entries
  • sôler noun (protective covering for the foot)

North Frisian

1 entries
  • Skoch noun (protective covering for the foot)

Northern Kurdish

1 entries
  • pêlav noun (protective covering for the foot)

Northern Min Chinese

1 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)

Northern Sami

2 entries
  • gáma noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • skuovva noun (protective covering for the foot)

Norwegian Bokmål

2 entries
  • sko noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sko verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Norwegian Nynorsk

2 entries
  • sko noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sko verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Occitan

4 entries
  • cauçadura noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sabata noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • cauçar verb (To put shoes on one's feet)
  • ferrar verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Odia

1 entries
  • ଜୋତା noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ojibwe

1 entries
  • makizin noun (protective covering for the foot)

Okinawan

1 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)

Old East Slavic

1 entries
  • черевикъ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Old English

1 entries
  • scōh noun (protective covering for the foot)

Old Irish

2 entries
  • accrann noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • bróc noun (protective covering for the foot)

Oromo

1 entries
  • kophee noun (protective covering for the foot)

Osage

1 entries
  • hǫǫpé noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ottoman Turkish

3 entries
  • آیاق قابی noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • باشمق noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • نعللامق verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Pannonian Rusyn

1 entries
  • ципела noun (protective covering for the foot)

Papiamentu

1 entries
  • sapatu noun (protective covering for the foot)

Pashto

2 entries
  • بوټ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • پڼې noun (protective covering for the foot)

Pawnee

1 entries
  • asuuruʼ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Pipil

2 entries
  • kak (poss.) noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kakti (abs.) noun (protective covering for the foot)

Plautdietsch

1 entries
  • Schoo noun (protective covering for the foot)

Polabian

1 entries
  • criv noun (protective covering for the foot)

Polish

4 entries
  • but noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • obuwie noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • podkuwać verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)
  • podkuć verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Portuguese

4 entries
  • calçado noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sapata noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • sapato noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • calçar verb (To put shoes on one's feet)

Prasuni

1 entries
  • vëzë́lë noun (protective covering for the foot)

Punjabi

2 entries
  • جُتّی noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ਜੁੱਤੀ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Rarotongan

1 entries
  • tāmaka noun (protective covering for the foot)

Rohingya

1 entries
  • zuta noun (protective covering for the foot)

Romani

1 entries
  • papuka noun (protective covering for the foot)

Romanian

4 entries
  • pantof noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • papuc noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • sabot noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • potcovi verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Romansch

3 entries
  • calzer noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • chalzer noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • s-charpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Russian

4 entries
  • башма́к noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • башма́к noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • боти́нок noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • о́бувь noun (protective covering for the foot)

Samoan

1 entries
  • seʻevae noun (protective covering for the foot)

Sangisari

1 entries
  • چمش noun (protective covering for the foot)

Scots

1 entries
  • shae noun (protective covering for the foot)

Scottish Gaelic

1 entries
  • bròg noun (protective covering for the foot)

Semai

1 entries
  • kasot noun (protective covering for the foot)

Serbo-Croatian

4 entries
  • crijevlja noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • cìpela noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • obuća noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • postòla noun (protective covering for the foot)

Shan

1 entries
  • သွၵ်းတိၼ် noun (protective covering for the foot)

Sicilian

1 entries
  • scarpa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Sinhalese

1 entries
  • සපත්තු noun (protective covering for the foot)

Slovak

1 entries
  • topánka noun (protective covering for the foot)

Slovene

2 entries
  • čevelj noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • podkovati verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Somali

1 entries
  • kab noun (protective covering for the foot)

Sotho

1 entries
  • seeta noun (protective covering for the foot)

Southern Altai

2 entries
  • башмак noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • туфля noun (protective covering for the foot)

Southern Thai

1 entries
  • เกือก noun (protective covering for the foot)

Spanish

4 entries
  • taba noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • zapata noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • zapato noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • calzar verb (To put shoes on one's feet)

Sranan Tongo

1 entries
  • s'su noun (protective covering for the foot)

Swahili

2 entries
  • kiatu noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kiatu verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Swedish

4 entries
  • sko noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • sko noun (something resembling a shoe (e.g. brake shoe))
  • sko verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)
  • sko verb (to equip with protection)

Sylheti

1 entries
  • ꠎꠥꠔꠣ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tagalog

1 entries
  • sapatos noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tahitian

2 entries
  • tamaʻa noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • tiaʻa noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tajik

1 entries
  • кафш noun (protective covering for the foot)

Talysh

1 entries
  • کفش noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tamil

1 entries
  • காலணி noun (protective covering for the foot)

Taos

1 entries
  • kə̀obénemą noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tarifit

1 entries
  • tsirit noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tatar

1 entries
  • башмак noun (protective covering for the foot)

Telugu

2 entries
  • చెప్పు noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • షూ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Thai

2 entries
  • รองเท้า noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • เกือก noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tibetan

4 entries
  • ཇུར་རྟ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ཞབས་ཕྱགས noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ལྷམ noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • ལྷམ་གོ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tigrinya

1 entries
  • ጫማ noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tongan

1 entries
  • tapuvae noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tumbuka

1 entries
  • syapato noun (protective covering for the foot)

Tunisian Arabic

2 entries
  • سبّاط noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • صبّاط noun (protective covering for the foot)

Turkish

3 entries
  • ayakkabı noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kundura noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • nallamak verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Turkmen

1 entries
  • aýakgap noun (protective covering for the foot)

Ukrainian

3 entries
  • череви́к noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • взува́тися verb (To put shoes on one's feet)
  • підкува́ти verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

Unami

1 entries
  • chipakw noun (protective covering for the foot)

Urdu

2 entries
  • جُوتا noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • کَفْش noun (protective covering for the foot)

Uyghur

3 entries
  • ئاياق noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • بەتىنكە noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • كەش noun (protective covering for the foot)

Uzbek

2 entries
  • botinka noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • tufli noun (protective covering for the foot)

Vietnamese

1 entries
  • giày noun (protective covering for the foot)

Volapük

2 entries
  • juk noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • laigajuk noun (protective covering for the foot)

Waigali

1 entries
  • oćä noun (protective covering for the foot)

Walloon

1 entries
  • solé noun (protective covering for the foot)

Waray-Waray

1 entries
  • sapatos noun (protective covering for the foot)

Welsh

2 entries
  • esgid noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • pedoli verb (to put horseshoes on a horse)

West-Frisian

1 entries
  • skoech noun (protective covering for the foot)

White Hmong

1 entries
  • khau noun (protective covering for the foot)

Wu Chinese

2 entries
  • noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • 鞋子 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Xiang Chinese

1 entries
  • 鞋子 noun (protective covering for the foot)

Yami

1 entries
  • tokap noun (protective covering for the foot)

Yiddish

1 entries
  • שוך noun (protective covering for the foot)

Yucatec Maya

1 entries
  • xanab noun (protective covering for the foot)

Yup'ik

3 entries
  • cap'akiq noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • masmakiq noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • pasmakiq noun (protective covering for the foot)

Zazaki

4 entries
  • kefs noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • kosık noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • lekas noun (protective covering for the foot)
  • postal noun (protective covering for the foot)

Zhuang

1 entries
  • haiz noun (protective covering for the foot)

Sample sentences

18 total sentences available.

Tatoeba + Wiktionary

Gum got stuck to the bottom of my shoe.

Source: tatoeba (18109)

What's your shoe size?

Source: tatoeba (20131)

I lost my shoe in the fire.

Source: tatoeba (23830)

She got a run in her stocking when she broke the heel of her shoe.

Source: tatoeba (35524)

Showing 4 of 18 available sentences.

Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.